Krahn GL, Walker DK, Correa-De-Araujo R. Persons with disabilities as an unrecognized health disparity population. Am J Public Health. 2015;105:S198–206.
Google Scholar
Mahmoudi E, Ph D, Meade SM, Ph MA. D. Disparities in access to health care among adults with physical disabilities: Analysis of a representative national sample for a ten-year period. Disabil Health J. 2014; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.08.007
Gulley SP, Ph D, W MS, Altman BM, Ph D. Disability in two health care systems: Access, quality, satisfaction, and physician contacts among working-age Canadians and Americans with disabilities y. 2008;1.
Rashmi R, Mohanty SK. Socioeconomic and geographic variations of disabilities in India: evidence from the National Family Health Survey, 2019–21. Int J Health Geogr. 2024;23(1):1–16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-024-00363-w
Shahali S, Tavousi M, Sadighi J, Kermani RM, Rostami R. Health challenges faced by parents of children with disabilities: a scoping review. BMC Pediatr. 2024;24(1):619.
Google Scholar
Chen Y, Zheng W, He M, Guo Y, Zhang M, Feng R et al. Family Risk Profiles and Mental Health Among Chinese Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis. Appl Res Qual Life. 2024;3189–218. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-024-10371-4
Rani A, Thomas PT. Parental Knoweldge, attitude, and perception about epilepsy and Sociocultural barriers to treatment. J Epilepsy Res. 2019;9(1):65–75.
Google Scholar
Etieyibo E, Omiegbe O. Religion, culture, and discrimination against persons with disabilities in Nigeria. Afr J Disabil. 2016;5(1):1–6.
Banks LM, Mearkle R, Mactaggart I, Walsham M, Kuper H, Blanchet K. Disability and social protection programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Oxf Dev Stud. 2017;45(3):223–39.
Montes J, Swindle R. Who is disabled in Sub-Saharan Africa? 2021;(40).
Banks LM, Zuurmond M, Ferrand R, Kuper H. The relationship between HIV and prevalence of disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review (FA). Trop Med Int Heal. 2015;20(4):411–29.
Adugna MB, Nabbouh F, Shehata S, Ghahari S. Barriers and facilitators to healthcare access for children with disabilities in low and middle income sub-Saharan African countries: A scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1):1–11.
Trani J, Browne J, Kett M, Bah O, Morlai T, Bailey N et al. Social Science & Medicine Access to health care, reproductive health and disability: A large scale survey in Sierra Leone. Soc Sci Med. 2011;73(10):1477–89. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.040
Uromi SM, Iboku Mazagwa M. Challenges Facing People with Disabilities and Possible Solutions in Tanzania. J Educ Policy Entrep Res. 2014;1(2):158–65. Available from: http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEPER/index
UNPRPD. Situational Analysis of the Rights of Persons With Disabilities in United Republic Oftanzania,Unct Tanzania. 2021; Available from: https://unprpd.org/new/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/CR_Tanzania_2022-e95.pdf
People Y. How many children and young people in Tanzania are living with disabilities?.
Carraro L. Disability-related costs and poverty measures in Tanzania. DEEP Working Paper 27. Data and Evidence to End Extreme Poverty Research Programme, Oxford. 2024;1–31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.55158/DEEPWP27
Dewhurst F, Dewhurst MJ, Gray WK, Orega G, Howlett W, Chaote P, et al. The prevalence of disability in older people in Hai, Tanzania. Age Ageing. 2012;41(4):517–23.
Google Scholar
Quinones S, Palermo TM, Lukongo TM, Luchemba P, Mitti R, Devries K, et al. Disability status and multi-dimensional personal well-being among adolescents in the Southern highlands region of Tanzania: results of a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(5):1–10.
Sabariego C, Lee L, Bickenbach J, Chatterji S. Estimating disability prevalence in population surveys: an exploratory study using national surveys carried out in Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania and USA. Disabil Rehabil. 2024;0(0):1–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2024.2441424
Mapunda PH, Omollo AD, Bali TAL. Challenges in identifying and serving students with special needs in Dodoma, Tanzania. Int J Child Care Educ Policy. 2017;11(1).
Tungaraza FD. Accomplishments and challenges facing students with disabilities at the university of Dar Es Salaam: Thirty years of navigating the hill. Pap Educ Dev J Fac Educ Univ Dar Es Salaam. 2010;57(29):134–55.
Uribe-Morales BM, Cantero-Garlito PA, Cipriano-Crespo C. Fathers in the care of children with disabilities: an exploratory qualitative study. Healthc. 2022;10(1).
Absalom M, Franklin B. Challenges in caregiving patterns for parents of physically challenged children in MSUMI village, Dar ES Salaam, Tanzania Absalom Magimairaj and Dr Benjamin Franklin ABSTRACT: 2024;4(4):626–32.
Mohamed H, Wamera E, Malima W. Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services and Other Preventive Measures against COVID-19 among People with Disabilities, Dodoma, Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022;107(3):527–33. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0756
Kakoko D, Kigadye E, Hean S. 5. Special healthcare needs of children with disabilities in Tanzania: Challenges and recommendations. Chang Agents. 2023;94–105. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18261/9788215057903-23-05
Nathan MJ, Brown JM. An ecological approach to modeling disability. Bioethics. 2018;32(9):593–601.
Google Scholar
Michielsen K, Brockschmidt L. Barriers to sexuality education for children and young people with disabilities in the WHO European region: a scoping review. Sex Educ. 2021;21(6):674–92. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2020.1851181
Mhatre N. Access, autonomy, and dignity: comprehensive sexuality education for people with disabilities. Natl Partnersh Women % Fam. 2021;(September):1–24.
Ministry of Health (MoH) [Tanzania Mainland], Ministry of Health (MoH) [Zanzibar], National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS), and ICF. 2022. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey. 2022.
Washington Group on Disability Statistics. The Washington Group Short Set of Questions on Disability. 2016; Available from: http://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/The-Washington-Group-Short-Set-of-Questions-on-Disability.pdf
Croft TN, Allen CK, Zachary BW et al. 2023. Guide to DHS Statistics. Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICFCroft, Trevor N., Allen, Courtney K., Zachary, Blake W. 2023. Guide to DHS Statistics. Rockville, Maryland UI. Guide to DHS Statistics DHS-7. Demogr Heal Surv Progr. 20AD;7(version 2).
Chen MZ, Lee L, Fellinghauer C, Cieza A, Chatterji S. Demographic and environmental factors associated with disability in India, Laos, and Tajikistan: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12846-1
Tungu M, Sirili N, Frumence G, Kagaigai A, Anaeli A, Mwangu MA et al. Health care prioritization process for the elderly in rural Tanzania under decentralized system: Prospects and challenges. PLoS One. 2024;19(6 June):1–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304243
Tungu M, Sirili N, Kagaigai A, Luoga P, Tesha N, Ruwaichi T et al. Controversies in implementing the exemption policy for the elderly healthcare services in Tanzania: experiences from the priority setting process in two selected districts. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2024;22(1).
Joel C, Msuya S, John B, George J. Collateral effects encountered by families of children living with physical or mental disabilities, or both, in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Glob Heal. 2018;6:S51. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30180-3
Binyaruka P, Borghi J. An equity analysis on the household costs of accessing and utilising maternal and child health care services in Tanzania. Health Econ Rev. 2022;12(1):1–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-022-00387-7
Tungu M, Luoga P, Anaeli A, Nyamhanga T. Correlates associated with health insurance on cervical cancer screening in Tanzania: a comparison between the insured and uninsured women using demographic and health survey 2022. BMC Health Serv Res. 2024;24(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11989-8
Ngowi AF, Nuru S. Determinants of enrollment in the improved community health fund among household members in Manyara region, Tanzania. Tanzan J Health Res. 2023;24(2):97–106.
Modest AR, Ngowi AF, Katalambula L. Enrollment status and determinants of improved community health fund among households in Dodoma Tanzania. Int J Innov Sci Res Technol. 2021;6(2). Available from: www.ijisrt.com807.
Kumah E, Asana Y, Agyei SK, Kokuro C, Ankomah SE, Fusheini A. Does health insurance status influence healthcare-seeking behavior in rural communities? evidence from rural Ghana. Heal Policy OPEN. 2024;6(April):100119. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpopen.2024.100119
Agyekum MW, Afrifa-Anane GF, Kyei-Arthur F. Prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults, Ghana: evidence from the Ghana 2021 population and housing census. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):1–11.
Swai EA, Msuya SE, Moshi H, Lindkvist M, Sörlin A, Sahlén KG. Children and adolescents with physical disabilities: describing characteristics and disability-related needs in the Kilimanjaro region, north-eastern Tanzania – a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 2023;13(1):e064849.
Google Scholar
Matandala T, Francis S. Adaptability of students with mobility impairments in higher learning institutions in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. 2024;619–54.
Swai EA, Moshi HI, Msuya SE, Lindkvist M, Sörlin A, Sahlen KG. Adaptive adjustment to the needs of families caring for children and adolescents with physical disabilities in north-eastern Tanzania: a grounded-theory study. Glob Health Action. 2024;17(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2024.2354009
Nassoro MM, Chetto P, Chiwanga E, Lilungulu A, Bintabara D, Wambura J. Maternal mortality in Dodoma regional referral hospital, Tanzania. Int J Reprod Med. 2020;2020:1–6.
Kazungu K, Byaro M. Road to divorce in Tanzania: what are the main factors?? Khatibu Kazungu Mwoya byaro African. J Econ Rev. 2023;11(5).
Vyas S, Jansen HAFM. Unequal power relations and partner violence against women in Tanzania: A cross-sectional analysis 16 studies in human society 1608 sociology 16 studies. BMC Womens Health. 2018;18(1):1–12. in Human Society 1699 Other Studies in Human Society.
Odhiambo JA, Ndunyu LN, Nyambedha EO, Upadhyay U, Turan JM, Bukusi E et al. Widowhood stigma as a fundamental cause of poor mental, sexual, and reproductive health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: A conceptual framework. SSM – Ment Heal. 2025;7(October 2024):100407. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100407
National Development Planning Commission, Tanzania. ’S 2023 Voluntary National Review Report on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Natl Dev Plan Comm. 2023;1–130. Available from: https://ghana.un.org/en/195640-ghana-2022-voluntary-national-review-report-implementation-2030-agenda-sustainable
Mulaya E, Gama R, Kimani C, Joseph P. The triggering factors on the 3rd December 2023 catastrophic landslide in the Hanang area, northern Tanzania. Landslides. 2024;(May). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02386-7
Tabassum S, Naeem A, Ahmad RU, Naeem F, Oduoye MO, Mukherjee D. Leptospirosis outbreak in Tanzania amidst COVID-19 pandemic: current challenges and future recommendations. Int J Surg. 2023;109(1):45–7.
Google Scholar
Masunga DS, Rai A, Abbass M, Uwishema O, Wellington J, Uweis L et al. Leptospirosis outbreak in Tanzania: an alarming situation. Ann Med Surg. 2022;80(July).
Mwanjala MN, Mnkeni E, Mtalika MI, Mponela M, Musyani A, Mrema G et al. Assessment of risk communication and community engagement interventions during the Marburg virus disease outbreak in Kagera region, Northwestern Tanzania. Bull Natl Res Cent. 2025;0–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01298-9
Hongo R, Mkombachepa C, Nangay I, Uisso V. Epidemiology of cholera outbreak and summary of the preparedness and response activities in Arusha region, Tanzania, 2023. Nucl Phys. 2023;13(1):104–16.
United Republic of Tanzania(URT). Development & Vision. 2007. pp. 5–6.
Tanzania UR. of. The United Republic of Tanzania Draft Tanzania Development Vision Summary. 2025.
Malima RC. Coping strategies of the elderly against social insecurity in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania. Tengeru Community Dev J. 2020;7(2):1–14.
link

More Stories
Preparing a “Landing Pad”: Mitigating OBBBA’s Harms to the Medicaid Safety Net
Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Face Critical Mental Health Care Gaps, New Study Finds
Alabama Neurodevelopment Center aims to boost mental health resources in Birmingham, the state